IELTS ライティング問題形式「Opinion」エッセイの書き方

賛成・反対の程度を表す指標として、以下の使い方を覚えましょう。

• 100%賛成の場合　completely (absolutely) agree 
•   80%賛成の場合　mainly agree
•   60%賛成の場合　partially agree
•   40%賛成の場合　partially disagree
•   20%賛成の場合　mainly disagree
•     0%賛成の場合　completely (absolutely) disagree

ある程度賛成（条件付きで賛成）の場合、以下の表現が役に立ちます。

• it depends on
• an exception should be made for/ make an exception for
• to a certain extent
• up to a point..
• in some cases
• A should take into account

【イントロの例】
In a egalitarian society we live in, men and women should have the same educational opportunities. However, I disagree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each gender in every university subject.

 問題文の言い換えと自分の意見を述べます。

【BODY 1の例】
Having the same number of men and women on all degree courses is simply unrealistic. Student numbers on any course depend on the applications that the institution receives. If a university decided to fill courses with equal numbers of males and females, it would need enough applicants of each gender. In reality, many courses are more popular with one gender than the other, and it would not be practical to aim for equal proportions. For example, nursing courses tend to attract more female applicants, and it would be difficult to fill these courses if fifty per cent of the places needed to go to males.

 反対の理由を具体例を入れて述べています。

【BODY 2の例】
Another reason why I disagree with the idea is that it would be unfair to base admission to university courses on gender. Firstly, universities should continue to select the best candidates for each course according to their qualifications. Both men and women have the same opportunities, and applicants know that they will be successful if they work hard to achieve good grades at school. Secondly, it could be discriminatory for the universities to screen the applicants based on gender. For instance, if a female student is the best candidate for a place on a course, it would be wrong to reject her in favour of a male student with lower grades or fewer qualifications.

 反対の理由2つ目を具体的に述べています。

【結論・まとめの例】
①In conclusion, there should not be a educational boundary between men and women. However, the selection of university students should be based on merit, and it would be both impractical and unfair to change to a selection procedure based on gender.

 イントロのように、問題文の言い換え＋自分の立場を明確にしています。

【イントロの例】
Men and women should have the same educational opportunities. For that reason, I agree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each gender.  At the same time, however, it should take into account that some majors are popular and suited for both men and women whilst others are not.

 問題文の言い換えと自分の意見が100％賛成でないことを示しています。どっちつかずの意見だと明確にわかります。

【BODY 1の例】
To begin with, if only men go ahead in education, research, arts, history and women stay home, then no good can be done. The history suggests that men are dominant in numbers in science, arts, engineering, creativity and business sectors. But we cannot deny the contribution of women who have devoted their whole life to the betterment of the world. Women can bring whole different  ideas and make any areas of subjects competitive to move forward.  Universities should therefore accept an equal number of students. If fewer females hold the important sectors of a country, truly equal societies would not realized. 

 なぜある程度賛成かの意見が述べられています。

【BODY 2の例】
Although male and female students can share the same ability to obtain and convey knowledge of one specific expertise to the practical work, some majors just prefer one gender to the other. For example, the job of civil engineering seems to fit better for men than women since it requires strong physical ability. Or though not impossible, it is hard for a woman to work as a firefighter or policeman. On the other hand, a fewer male would apply to work as nurses or baby sisters since these jobs require some delicate touches or “a woman’s hand”. Taking these preferences into consideration, universities will have a hard time getting the same number of students and have to find ways of opening the courses with equal numbers of both genders

 なぜ100%賛成できないのかの理由を述べています。

【結論・まとめの例】
Ideally speaking, universities should accept the same number of students in every subject they offer, for the benefits we have in our egalitarian society. However, some subjects might fit one gender due to the physical capacity of the other, the issue of which universities need to overcome to be able to have the equal number of both students in every subject. 

 問題文の言い換え＋自分の意見が賛成側にはあるけれども、逆側もあり。それは現実的に可能ではない理由を述べて終わらせています。自分のどっちつかずの立場が明確に分かるように書いています。