IELTSリスニング|頻出単語一覧

知っておくべき頻出単語

IELTSの試験ではどのセクションにおいても語彙力を高めることは必要不可欠です。
語彙力が乏しければ問題で何を問われているのか理解できず、ライティングやスピーキングのセクションでは自分が伝えたいことを表現できません。

IELTSで使われる単語はごまんとあり、必要な単語数は、6,000語~12,000語と言われています。
単語をなんとなく読め意味を理解できたとしても、そのスペルが書けなかったり発音が解らず聞き取ることができなければ、正しい解答ができません。
毎日新しい単語を10個暗記する、など目標を掲げて実践できれば理想的でしょう。しかし、これだけ多くの英単語を毎日暗記しようとしても、かなりの時間、期間をようし気が遠くなることも少なくありません。

そんな中、IELTSリスニングではよく使われる頻出単語というものがあり、文字通り、IELTSリスニング試験において頻繁に用いられる単語をここでは取り上げます。
頻出単語は、試験本番でも出てくる確率は高いので暗記しておきましょう。

セクション1の頻出単語

セクション1は他のセクションと比べて比較的易しく、電話での問い合わせなど基本的な日常会話になります。
出題される単語も身近なものになりますが、問題は必ずしもA,B,Cなどの選択問題とは限らず、空欄を埋める形式もあるためスペルを正しく書けなければ不正解となります。
下記では、セクション1に登場する頻出単語になります。

曜日・月・季節

Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
winter, spring, autumn, summer

意外と多いのがこれらのスペルを書き間違えて、もしくは大文字小文字を間違えて不正解になる事です。
一旦何も見ずに紙に書いてみてください。
月に関しては、”r” と “l” を混合させない事。しっかりと書けるように練習しましょう。
正解が解っていても正しく書けなければもったいないですよね。季節は小文字で書きます。

図形

circle(円), square(正方形), rectangle(長方形), triangle(三角形), cylinder(円柱), oval(楕円形)

「Times Square」といった固有名詞としても使われる場合もあります。

数字・時間・通貨

セクション1では、数字を使った問題はよく出題されます。
解答欄には、アルファベットではなく1,2,3といったアラビア数字を使うことでスペルミスを防ぐことができます。

・One hundred ninety-nine dollars → $199
一方で、15(fifteen)と50(fifty)といった発音が似ているものは、聞き間違えないように注意しましょう。
ストレス(強く発音するところ)の位置が異なります。
ざっくり言えば「ティーン」か「ティ」の違いになりますので、一度ネットで検索して音声を確認してみるとよいでしょう。

red(赤), orange(オレンジ), yellow(黄色), green(緑), blue(青), purple(紫), white(白), black(黒), brown(茶色)

カラーの単語にはColourcolorの2つのスペルが存在します。アメリカ英語かイギリス英語かの違いなので、どちらも正解です。

動詞

suggest(提案する), develop(開発する), borrow(借りる), persuade(説得する), discuss(議論する), review(見直す), concentrate(集中する), crash(衝突する), cost (費用がかかる) ,provide (提供する) ,book (予約する)

動詞の時制には気を付けましょう。

形容詞

beautiful(美しい), necessary(必要な), fantastic(素晴らしい), comfortable(快適な), convenient(便利な), wonderful(素敵な), terrible(酷い), temporary(一時的), permanent(永久的な), knowledgeable(知識がある), various(様々な), exciting(刺激的な), boring(退屈な), difficult(難しい), easy(簡単な)

【例題】

▼スクリプト

Shirley: Hello?
Tom: Oh hello. I was hoping to speak to Jack Fitzgerald about renting a cottage.
Shirley: I’m his wife, Shirley, and we own the cottages together, so I’m sure I can help you.
Tom: Great. My name’s Tom. Some friends of ours rented Granary Cottage from you last year, and they thought it was great. So my wife and I are hoping to come in May for a week.
Shirley: What date did you have in mind?
Tom: The week beginning the 14th, if possible.
Shirley: I’ll just check … I’m sorry, Tom, it’s already booked that week. It’s free the week beginning the 28th, though, for seven nights. In fact, that’s the only time you could have it in May.
Tom: Oh. Well, we could manage that, I think. We’d just need to change a couple of things. How much would it cost?
Shirley: That’s the beginning of high season, so it’d be £550 for the week.
Tom: Ah. That’s a bit more than we wanted to pay, I’m afraid. We’ve budgeted up to £500 for accommodation.
Shirley: Well, we’ve just finished converting another building into a cottage, which we’re calling Chervil Cottage.
Tom: Sorry? What was that again?
Shirley: Chervil. C-H-E-R-V for Victor, I-L.
Tom: Oh, that’s a herb, isn’t it?
Shirley: That’s right. It grows fairly wild around here. You could have that for the week you want for £480.
Tom: OK. So could you tell me something about it, please?
Shirley: Of course. The building was built as a garage. It’s a little smaller than Granary Cottage.
Tom: So that must sleep two people, as well?
Shirley: That’s right. There’s a double bedroom.
Tom: Does it have a garden?
Shirley: Yes. you get to it from the living room through French doors, and we provide two deckchairs. We hope to build a patio in the near future, but I wouldn’t like to guarantee it’ll be finished by May.
Tom: OK.
Shirley: The front door opens onto the old farmyard, and parking isn’t a problem – there’s plenty of room at the front for that. There are some trees and potted plants there.

セクション2の頻出単語

セクション2では、一人のスピーカーによる日常的なスピーチになります。選択問題やマッチング問題、地図問題と様々な問題タイプがあります。地図問題に関しては、方角や場所を説明する頻出単語がよく使われるのでぜひおさえておきましょう。 

施設

kitchen(キッチン), bathroom(浴室・お手洗い), bedroom(寝室), living room(リビング), dining room(食堂), lounge(ラウンジ), library(図書館), gymnasium (gym)(ジム), reception(受付), ticket desk(券売所), storage room(倉庫), theatre(劇場),museum (博物館), canteen (食堂)

方向・位置

North(北), South(南), East(東), West(西), straight(真っすぐ), across from(~の向かいに), diagonal(対角線), corner(角), opposite(反対), adjacent to(~隣接した), near(近く)bend (カーブ)

地図問題では、どこを指して話しているのか場所を追っていく必要があるので、すぐに対応できるようになりましょう。

場所・物

tennis court(テニスコート), courtyard(中庭), laboratory(実験室), road(道), path(小道), traffic lights(信号機), bench(ベンチ), swimming pool(スイミングプール), garden(庭), bookshop(書店), kindergarten(幼稚園), castle(城), parliament(国会・議会), car park (駐車場)

動詞

turn(回転させる・方向を変える), move(動く), continue on(進み続ける), walk(歩く), cross(渡る・横断する), pass(通る・通過する), end(終わる), stop(止まる), go straight ahead(真っすぐに進む・直進する)

例題】

▼スクリプト

OK, let me tell you about some of the changes that have been made – and some things that have been retained. If you look at this map, you’ll see the familiar outline of the park, with the river forming the northern boundary, and a gate in each of the other three walls. The statue of Diane Gosforth has been moved: it used to be close to the south gate, but it’s now immediately to the north of the lily pond, almost in the centre of the park, which makes it much more visible.

There’s a new area of wooden sculptures, which are on the river bank, where the path from the east gate makes a sharp bend. There are two areas that are particularly intended for children. The playground has been enlarged and improved, and that’s between the river and the path that leads from the pond to the river. Then there’s a new maze, a circular series of paths, separated by low hedges. That’s near the west gate – you go north from there towards the river and then turn left to reach it.

There have been tennis courts in the park for many years, and they’ve been doubled, from four to eight. They’re still in the south-west corner of the park, where there’s a right-angle bend in the path. Something else I’d like to mention is the new fitness area. This is right next to the lily pond on the same side as the west gate.

Now, as you’re all gardeners, I’m sure you’ll like to hear about the plants that have been chosen for the park.

セクション3の頻出単語

大学のグループ課題に関して数人で話し合う会話を聞きます。セクション3になると急にアカデミックな内容になるので、扱う単語も難しくなります。学術的な語彙を増やしましょう。最低でも下記の頻出単語は網羅する必要があります。

学校に関する用語

university(大学・総合大学), college(大学・単科大学) presentation(プレゼンテーション), project(プロジェクト), pairs(ペア), organisation(組織), outline(概要), proofreading(校正), deadline (締め切り), commencement (開始),experiment(実験), reference(参照), lecture(講義), tutor(家庭教師・個別指導教員), attendance(出席), specialist(専門家), knowledge, faculty(学部), bachelor’s(学士), master’s(博士), schedule(スケジュール), management(管理), leadership(リーダーシップ), questionnaire(アンケート), statistic(統計), assessment(評価), revision(改訂), pass(合格), fail(不合格), supervise(管理する), supervisor(監督者), assess(評価する), degree(学位), certificate(修了証書)

教科

Mathematics (Maths)(数学), Science(科学), English(英語), Physical Education (PE)(体育), Art(美術), Music(音楽), Geography(地理), Biology(生物), Chemistry(科学), History(歴史)

専攻科目

Commerce(商業学), Psychology(心理学), Engineering(工学), Sociology(社会学), Medicine(薬学), Architecture(建築学), Law(法学), Philosophy(哲学), Economics(経済学), Education(教育学), Archaeology(考古学), Literature(文学), Agriculture(農学), Anthropology(人類学)

例題】

Assignment plan

Decide on research question:
Is there a relationship between hours of sleep and number of dreams?

Decide on the sample:
Twelve students from the 25………………………..department 

Decide on methodology:
Self-reporting

Decide on procedure:
Answers on 26 ………………………….

Check ethical guidelines for working with 27…………………………….
Ensure that risk is assessed and 28 …………………………is kept to a minimum

Answer the results
Calculate the correlation and make a 29 ………………………………

30 …………………………………the research

▼スクリプト

Susie: So shall we plan what we have to do for this assignment?
Luke: OK.
Susie: First, we have to decide on our research question. So how about ‘Is there a relationship between hours of sleep and number of dreams?’
Luke: OK. Then we need to think about who we’ll do the study on. About 12 people?
Susie: Right. And shall we use other psychology students?
Luke: Let’s use people from a different department. What about history?
Susie: Yes, they might have interesting dreams! Or literature students?
Luke: I don’t really know any.
Susie: OK, forget that idea. Then we have to think about our methodology. So we could use observation, but that doesn’t seem appropriate.
Luke: No. It needs to be self-reporting I think. And we could ask them to answer questions online.
Susie: But in this case, paper might be better as they’ll be doing it straight after they wake up … in fact while they’re still half-asleep.
Luke: Right. And we’ll have to check the ethical guidelines for this sort of research.
Susie: Mm, because our experiment involves humans, so there are special regulations.
Luke: Yes, I had a look at those for another assignment I did. There’s a whole section on risk assessment, and another section on making sure they aren’t put under any unnecessary stress.
Susie: Let’s hope they don’t have any bad dreams!
Luke: Yeah.
Susie: Then when we’ve collected all our data we have to analyse it and calculate the correlation between our two variables, that’s time sleeping and number of dreams and then present our results visually in a graph.
Luke: Right. And the final thing is to think about our research and evaluate it. So that seems quite straightforward.
Susie: Yeah. So now let’s …

セクション4の頻出単語

IELTSリスニングセクション4は、最も難易度が高いセクションと言われ、一人のスピーカーによるレクチャーを聞きます。何人かで話すグループ会話とは異なるので、音声をよく聞いて話の過程を追っていく必要があります。
幅広い分野になるため頻出単語も多くなりますが、覚えておいて損はないでしょう。

健康

vegetarian(菜食主義者), vegan(完全菜食主義者), healthy(健康な), leisure(余暇), disease(病気), food pyramid(食物ピラミッド), vitamin(ビタミン), protein(タンパク質), carbohydrates(炭水化物), exercise(運動), treatment(治療), remedy(治療薬) , obese(肥満), overweight(太り過ぎの), fit(ふさわしい・健康な), check up(健康診断), medicine(薬) , pandemic(世界的大流行), virus(ウイルス), cure(治療する), vaccination(予防接種)

動物と生息環境

mammals(哺乳類), reptile(爬虫類), primates(霊長類), predators(捕食者), prey(獲物), island(島), pond(沼), stream(小川), endangered(絶滅危惧種), species(種類)

環境、災害

global warming(地球温暖化), disaster(災害), earthquake(地震), tornado(竜巻), blizzard(猛吹雪), hurricane(台風), pollution(汚染), temperature(温度), drought(干ばつ), flood(洪水), cyclone(低気圧), volcanic eruption(火山噴火), deforestation(森林伐採), desertification(砂漠化), bush fires(山火事), erosion(侵食)

政治

politics(政治), government (政府), leader(指導者), politician(政治家), senator(上院議員), mayor(市長), regulations(規則), senate(上院), president(大統領), society(社会), individual(個人), council(地方議会

エネルギー

nuclear(核), coal(石炭), hydro electrical power(水力発電), natural gas(天然ガス), solar power(太陽光発電), source(元・源), generate(発電), electricity(電気・電力), dam(ダム), windmill(風車), wind turbine(風力原動機), renewable(再生可能な), non-renewable(再生不可能な)

その他の頻出単語

appointment(予約), cooperation(協力), employment(雇用),  exhibition(展示), occupation(職業), century(世紀  *100年), decade(10年), millennium(1,000年), creativity(創造性), guarantee(保証), satellite(衛星), opportunity(機会), licence(免許), frequently(頻繁に)

例題】

The Eucalyptus Tree in Australia

Importance
・it provides 31……………….. and food for a wide range of species
・its leaves provide 32………….. which is used to make a disinfectant

Reasons for present decline in number
A) Diseases
(i) “Mundulla Yellows”
・Cause – Lime used for making 33…………… was absorbed
– trees were unable to take in necessary iron through their roots
(ii) “Bell-miner Associated Die-back”
・Cause – 34 ……………………….. feed on eucalyptus leaves
– they secrete a substance containing sugar
– bell-miner birds are attracted by this and keep away other species

▼スクリプト

Today I’m going to talk about the eucalyptus tree. This is a very common tree here in Australia, where it’s also sometimes called the gum tree. First I’m going to talk about why it’s important, then I’m going to describe some problems it faces at present.
Right, well the eucalyptus tree is an important tree for lots of reasons. For example, it gives shelter to creatures like birds and bats, and these and other species also depend on it for food, particularly the nectar from its flowers.
So it supports biodiversity. It’s useful to us humans too, because we can kill germs with a disinfectant made from oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves.
The eucalyptus grows all over Australia and the trees can live for up to four hundred years. So it’s alarming that all across the country, numbers of eucalyptus are falling because the trees are dying off prematurely.
So what are the reasons for this? One possible reason is disease. As far back as the 1970s the trees started getting a disease called Mundulla Yellows.
The trees’ leaves would gradually turn yellow, then the tree would die. It wasn’t until 2004 that they found the cause of the problem was lime, or calcium hydroxide to give it its proper chemical name, which was being used in the construction of roads.
The lime was being washed away into the ground and affecting the roots of the eucalyptus trees nearby. What is was doing was preventing the trees from sucking up the iron they needed for healthy growth. When this was injected back into the affected trees, they immediately recovered.
But this problem only affected a relatively small number of trees. By 2000, huge numbers of eucalyptus were dying along Australia’s East Coast, of a disease known as Bell-miner Associated Die-back.
The bell-miner is a bird, and the disease seems to be common where there are high populations of bell-miners. Again it’s the leaves of the trees that are affected. What happens is that insects settle on the leaves and eat their way round them, destroying them as they go, and at the same time they secrete a solution which has sugar in it.
The bell-miner birds really like this solution, and in order to get as much as possible, they keep away other creatures that might try to get it. So these birds and insects flourish at the expense of other species, and eventually so much damage is done to the leaves that the tree dies.

IELTSリスニング頻出単語のまとめ

IELTSリスニングは、セクション数が進むにつれてアカデミック内容になり難易度も上がっていきます。選択問題だけではなく穴埋め問題もしばしば出題されるので、単語のスペルミスにもご注意ください。また幅広い語彙力を養わなければなりません。
IELTSリスニング試験において、頻繁に使われる頻出単語というものがあります。決して難しい単語が聞かれることはないですが、最低でもこれらの単語は暗記しておくことをおススメします。 

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