IELTSリーディング┃TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVENの問題

• TRUE：正解。その情報が本文に書いてあり、情報が合っている。
• FALSE：間違い。その情報が本文に書いてあるが、情報が間違っている。
• NOT GIVEN：与えられていない。その情報が記載されていないか、どちらにもあてはまらない。

The history of glass

From 1887 onwards, glass making developed from traditional mouth-blowing to a semi-automatic process, after factory-owner HM Ashley introduced a machine capable of producing 200 bottles per hour in Castleford, Yorkshire, England – more than three times quicker than any previous production method. Then in 1907, the first fully automated machine was developed in the USA by Michael Owens – founder of the Owens Bottle Machine Company (later the major manufacturers Owens-Illinois) – and installed in its factory. Owens’ invention could produce an impressive 2,500 bottles per hour. Other developments followed rapidly, but it was not until the First World War, when Britain became cut off from essential glass suppliers, that glass became part of the scientific sector. Previous to this, glass had been as a craft rather than a precise science.

Today, glass making is big business. It has become a modern, hi-tech industry operating in a fiercely competitive global market where quality, design and service levels are critical to maintaining market share. Modern glass plants are capable of making millions of glass containers a day in many different colours, with green, brown and clear remaining the most popular. Few of us can imagine modern life without glass. It features in almost every aspect of our lives – in our homes, our cars and whenever we sit down to eat or drink. Glass packaging is used for many products, many beverages are sold in glass, as are numerous foodstuffs, as well as medicines and cosmetics.

Glass is an ideal material for recycling, and with growing consumer concern for green issues, glass bottles and jars are becoming ever more popular. Glass recycling is good news for the environment. It saves used glass containers being sent to landfill. As less energy is needed to melt recycled glass than to melt down raw materials, this also saves fuel and production costs. Recycling also reduces the need for raw materials to be quarried, thus saving precious resources.

＊ケンブリッジ問題集 IELTS リーディング アカデミック 11より引用

Questions 9 – 13
In boxes 9 – 13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

9. In 1887, HM Ashley had the fastest bottle-producing machine that existed at the time.
10. Michael Owens was hired by a large US company to design a fully-automated bottle manufacturing machine for them.
11. Nowadays, most glass is produced by large international manufacturers.
12. Concern for the environment is leading to an increased demand for glass containers.
13. It is more expensive to produce recycled glass than to manufacture new glass.

Paragliding in Australia

What is paragliding?
Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing(known as a canopy) is attached to a harness by lines, not dissimilar to a parachute. The harness is where the pilots sit – and they report that it outperforms a parachute in terms of comfort.

Is it safe?
Like sailing and deep-sea diving, paragliding is as safe as the person doing it. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash you’ll hit the ground quite gently!

Where do I learn?
There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to dissuade beginners! All schools will show you within a couple of days how to inflate the canopy, launch and land. They use radio instruction, tandem flying practice and schoolroom theory sessions to help you get the most from paragliding. It takes about seven days to get your basic licence; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across Australia.

What do I need?
Pilots normally wear warm clothes, in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you’ll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you’ll be able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course.

Who can do it?
There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor deems you capable, but the youngest anybody can paraglide is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot. It’s a very relaxed sport as you’re mostly sitting down. You’ll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn’t know you had whilst learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch. Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season!

＊ケンブリッジ問題集 IELTS リーディングより引用

パラグライディングとは何ですか？

パラグライディングは一種の飛行ですが、使う翼は金属、木、あるいはプラスティックでできているのでなく、ナイロンあるいはポリエステル製です。翼（傘として知られています）はハーネスに綱で取り付けられており、パラシュートと変わることはありません。ハーネスは、パイロットが座るところで、彼らは快適さの点では、こちらの方がパラシュートより優れていると言います。

安全ですか？

セーリングや、深海での潜水のように、パラグライディングは、これを行う人に応じて安全度が変わってきます。大きな利点は、おそらくこれが最も速度の遅い飛行様式であることで、墜落するとしてもかなり穏やかに地面とぶつかることでしょう！

どこで習うのですか？

たくさんの学校があります。主に適当な丘や山のそばの内陸部に位置していますが、目を見張るような絶壁近くの海岸の学校もあります。これらは大変魅力的ですが、海に着水するという可能性は、初心者を尻込みさせるようです！どの学校も、数日のうちにどのように傘を膨らませ、離陸し、着陸するか示してくれます。彼らは無線での指示、縦列式飛行訓練、教室の理論学習を使って、パラグライディングを最大限に楽しめるようにしてくれます。基本免許を取るには、だいたい7日かかります。そうしたら、オーストラリア中の場所で、一人で自由に飛ぶことができます。

何が必要ですか？

パイロットは普通、温かい服装をします。これは非常に高く上がった時のためです。それから、着陸の際あちこちぶつかるような場合に備え、ヘルメットが要ります。装具については、学校が基本的訓練用具、傘、ハーネスなどを提供してくれます。でも、おそらく自分自身のもっといい用具を買いたいと思うでしょう。そうした用具は、教習コースでいくつか試したら、ずっとうまく選べるようになるでしょう。

誰ができるのですか？

教官ができると判断したら年齢の上限はありません。しかし、パラグライダーで飛行できる最低年齢は14歳です。誰でも良い視力、良いバランスの持ち主はパラグライダーパイロットになれる可能性があります。これは最もリラックスしたスポーツです。と言うのは、大部分座っているからです。多分、講習を受けている間に、あるのさえ知らなかったような筋肉が痛むのを経験するでしょう。しかし、多くは離陸のため訓練用の丘を歩いて登ることによるものです。パラグライダーで空を飛ぶのは素晴らしいスポーツです。このシーズン、空中でお会いできることを望んでいます。

Reading 「Bring back the big cats」抜粋

On a recent trip to the Cairngorm Mountains, I heard several conservationists suggest that the lynx could be reintroduced there within 20 years. If trees return to the bare hills elsewhere in Britain, the big cats could soon follow. There is nothing extraordinary about these proposals, seen from the perspective of anywhere else in Europe. The lynx has now been reintroduced to the Mountains, the Alps, the in eastern France and the mountains in Germany, and has re-established itself in many more places. The European population has tripled since 1970 to roughly 10,000. As with wolves, bears, beavers, boar, bison, moose and many other species, the lynx has been able to spread as farming has,left the hills and people discover that it is more lucrative to protect charismatic wildlife than to hunt it, as tourists will pay for the chance to see it. Large-scale rewilding is happening

Questions 23 – 26
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 23 – 26 on your answer sheet, write

YES if he statement agree with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this23 Britain could become the first European country to reintroduce the lynx.

24. The large growth in the European lynx population since 1970 has exceeded conservationists’ expectation.
25. Changes in agricultural practices have extended the habitat of the lynx in Europe.
26. It has become apparent that species reintroduction has commercial advantages.

TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVENの問題形式は、IELTSリーディングではアカデミック、ジェネラルとも頻出の設問です。それぞれの判断手順とポイントは以下の通りです。

①設問文を正しく理解すること
②その内容を本文から探す（➡固有名詞やキーワード検索をする）
③本文に記述があるかどうかを判断
⑤言い換え表現に気づく
⑥問題形式になれる

FALSE もしくは NO を選ぶのは、設問文の内容が100％否定できる時だけですので注意しましょう。
NOT GIVEN は TRUE / YES でも FALSE / NO でもなく「本文で直接その情報が書かれていない」時に選びましょう。