【新形式】TOEFLライティング 解答例

TOEFLライティングの解答例を見てみましょう。
TOEFLはライティングでもパート1ではリーディング・リスニングの統合問題が出題されます。

【新形式】TOEFL ライティングの概要

今回大幅に変わった【新形式】TOEFL ライティングセクションの概要を確認しておきましょう。

【新形式】TOEFLのライティング問題は2つの質問で構成されており、試験時間は合計30分（Integrated Taskは20分、Academic Discussion Taskは20分）です。
Integrated taskとは、リーディング・リスニングの統合問題です。
新形式で導入されるAcademic Discussion Taskは、2人の生徒の意見を元に自分の意見を述べ、賛成点と反対点を論じる、リーディングとライティング力が要求される問題です。

コンピューターによるテストなので、タイピングが苦手な人はタイピングの練習もしておきましょう。

TOEFLの他のセクションや、詳しい概要を下記をご覧ください。

【新形式】TOEFLライティング 解答例

それでは、トーフルのモデルアンサーを例題と共に確認しましょう。
トーフルの特徴は、ライティング問題でもリスニング・リーディング力が重要になる点、指定されている語数よりも多く書くことです。最初の一回目の採点はレーターというAIが行うため、多くの関連した語彙を使うことが有利に働くと言われています。

パート1：Integrated task (統合問題)

TOEFLライティングパート1では、アカデミックなトピックについての文章を読んだ後、同じ話題についての講義を聞いて、ポイントと関連性をまとめます。メモを取る必要性は大。リスニングの内容を詳しくメモを取り、具体的に書くことができれば高得点につながります。ライティングは、

• イントロダクション
• メインボディー1
• メインボディー2
• メインボディー3
• 結論

の5段落構成で書きます。（ポイントが2つしかない場合もあるのでその場合は4段落構成となります）制限時間は20分で、文字数は150～225文字と指定されますが、TOEFLライティングでは文字数を多く書く方が有利なので、250文字を目指して書きましょう。リスニングの内容を具体的に書けるかがポイントです。

大事なポイントはスピーカーの立場をはっきりとさせることです。リーディングのポイントに賛成しているか、反対しているのかをはっきりさせ、ポイントは下記のサンプルのように対比させて書きましょう。

実際の問題と高得点の解答例を見て、TOEFLで高得点をとるための答え方を覚えましょう。

Integrated task 例題

【リーディングパート】

Reading Time: 3 minutes

The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.

The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters’ resistance to life threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.

Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.

Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.

【リスニング】

【問題】
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage.

Integrated task 解答例

①The reading and the lecture are both about theories of the rapid decline in sea otter populations. Whereas the author of the reading states that pollution was the cause of the decline in sea otter populations, the lecturer suggests that predation is the most likely factor contributing to the reduction in the number of the sea otters. The lecturer casts doubts on the main points made in the reading by providing three reasons.

②First of all, according to the reading, the increased levels of pollutants taken from water samples provide evidence for the pollution theory. However, the lecturer disputes this point. He says that if the sea otters had been killed by pollutants in water, they would have been found on shores. Furthermore, he mentions that the absence of dead sea otters on shores indicates that sea otters were killed and eaten by predators.

③Secondly, the reading states that aside from sea otters other small sea animals also decreased in population due to pollution. This finding indicates that the pollution is the reason why sea otters are in rapid decline. Nevertheless, the lecturer refutes this argument. He argues that because the whale population decreased, the orcas in the area had to eat otters instead of whales. As a result, the otter population diminished.

④Finally, the reading claims that environmental factors, which lead to different levels of pollutant concentration, perfectly explain the uneven pattern of the diminishing sea otter populations. On the other hand, the lecturer believes that the uneven pattern of declining sea otter populations corresponds to the prevalence of orcas in different areas. He thinks that the otter population reduces in places with orcas and there was not a big decrease in otters in places where orcas could not access.

⑤In conclusion, although the reading and the lecture are both about hypotheses of the diminishing sea otter populations, the three main points made in the reading are effectively challenged by the lecturer.

211words

 上記のようにイントロダクションでも結論でもスピーカーの立場をはっきりさせています。ボディーの段落では、リーディングの内容とレクチャーのポイントが対比されています。ポイントを合わせていくことが必要です。

Academic Discussion task

10分間という制約の中で、あるトピックに対して2-3人の生徒の意見をもとに、教授の質問に答える必要があります。先に読んだ2-3人の生徒の意見のどちらに自分が立つのかを選び、その理由を1～2つほど簡潔に述べて100文字以上、150字くらいで記述します。高得点を獲得するには、2人の生徒のどちらかの意見に賛成して、それを補足、発展、そしてもう1人の賛成していない側の意見も認めた上で何が問題なのかを述べると良いでしょう。

段落構成は一段落構成です。
下記の解答例に沿った書き方で高得点が狙えるでしょう。

• イントロダクション（どちらの生徒の意見に賛成かを述べる）
• 賛成の理由を述べる
• 自分なりの独自の意見を述べる
• 賛成していない生徒の意見のいい所を述べる
• 賛成していない生徒の意見の何がいけないのかを述べる
• 結論

Academic Discussion Task 例題

Dr. Anderson
As we discussed in class, environmental issues pose significant challenges to our society. Governments play a crucial role in addressing these challenges through their policies and actions. One of the important aspects is deciding where to allocate resources: should more focus be placed on promoting renewable energy or on conserving natural habitats? If you were a policy maker, which issue would you argue is more important- renewable energy or habitat conservation? Why?

Lisa
Our planet’s ecosystems are fragile, and protecting them should be our top priority. I firmly believe that habitat conservation deserves more attention and resources from the government than renewable energy. Without intact habitats, the balance of nature is disrupted, leading to the extinction of species and detrimental effects on the environment. Additionally, conserving natural habitats contributes to the preservation of biodiversity, which is essential for the overall health of the planet.

James
While I understand Lisa’s perspective, I believe that renewable energy should take precedence over habitat conservation. Our dependence on fossil fuels is contributing to climate change, which poses a significant threat to our environment and future generations. By investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, we can mitigate the effects of climate change and reduce our carbon footprint. The government should prioritize policies that promote the transition to sustainable energy alternatives for the benefit of both the environment and human well-being.

Academic Discussion task 解答例

I agree with James that renewable energy should be given higher priority over habitat conversation. Climate change is a global crisis that requires immediate action, and transitioning to renewable energy is a key solution. I would argue that investing in renewable energy technologies can also create new job opportunities and stimulate economic growth. The renewable energy sector has shown promising potential for job creation, providing employment in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance. This not only benefits individuals and communities but also strengthens the overall economy. That being said, I recognize the importance of Lisa’s viewpoint on habitat conversation. It is crucial to strike a balance between renewable energy development and protecting natural habitats. Government policies should aim to integrate renewable energy infrastructure in a sustainable manner, considering potential impacts on ecosystems and implementing measures to minimize them. In conclusion, while both renewable energy and habitat conservation are significant, prioritizing renewable energy is essential to combat climate change, promote sustainable development, and foster a greener future for generations to come. However, it is crucial to approach this transition with careful planning and consideration for the preservation of natural habitats.

211words

TOEFL ライティングの解答例 まとめ

当校のTOEFL対策オンライン講座では、ライティングは添削形式で行います。テンプレ通りに書く練習と様々な言いかえ表現を含めて高得点を実証する講師がきめ細やかな添削を行います。